Porcelain tiles

From the point of view of building and design it porcelain tiles, or as still it is called rock porcelain, the same gress portselanato, the same granitogress - material of comparatively young, production and application of which in the construction industry began in the 80th the years of past century. For so short time porcelain tiles not only it left to the leading positions among the materials of the related designation, but also it continues to seriously crowd them from the world market for construction and surfacing materials, yearly taking away 5% of market share in its potential competitors. And in this there is nothing surprising - approximately for the same periods and approximately at the same time personal computer it extruded many instruments, whose positions in the science, in the industry or in private life also seemed irreplaceable.

But in what the reason for so rapid a takeoff of the popularity of completely new material?

What is it porcelain tile? Let us try to glance from the very beginning. It accepted to carry to the ceramic materials, although the composition, the method of production and property make it possible to consider it to the considerably larger degree as granite, than usual ceramics. Most right would be to name it “synthetic stone”. After comparing the composition of the granite of natural origin and porcelain tiles it is possible to see that in both materials be present different feldspar, quartz starts, and kaolin clays. So in what the difference? The fact is that formation of both materials occurred under the action of high pressures and temperatures, only in one case the processes of the formation of stone were passed as centuries and in other the process of formation was accelerated and we govern.

Until today the volume of the production of plant SERANIT produced composes 8,5 mln. m ? of/god. SERANIT produces more than 35 collections of porcelain tiles, having in this case the wide selection of different imitations: marble, granite, sandstone and other species of natural stone. Important factor is the fact that the factory SERANIT can produce not the standard, for its assortment, color solutions. On I see surfaces it porcelain tiles to collection SERANIT it is presented in the lusterless, polished, polupolirovannom, structured performance.

Homogeneous porcelain tiles - one of most common and most diverse. The technology of its production already completely can be considered classical: pigmentirovaniyu undergoes entire mass of tile at the preparation stage, and figure remains constant both on the surface and in the depth. Therefore homogeneous tiles it is possible to consider it in practice eternal - even long-standing operation “to the wear” cannot irreversibly mar working surface, since the abrasion of upper layer does not lead to the disturbance of figure. But effaced polishing to restore technically not more complex than in natural stone. Homogeneous tiles it is possible to classify according to see pigment and the technologies of painting.

Simplest and economical it is porcelain tiles painting “the salt- pepper”, named so because of the formal resemblance to the designated mixture. This color solution relates to economy-class. As the more expensive design- solution it follows to consider to porcelain tiles painting “with mono-KOLOR”, since for the dyeing of tile of this type are used the pigments, which contain salts of rare-earth metals (from cobalt to chromium and zirconium). These pigments are by themselves expensive, they but possess excellent stability, and even under the straight solar rays they do not effloresce. It with the imitation of the figure of natural stone - this most by road, it is possible to say, the elite form of the homogeneous of gres of porcellanato, since in this variety they use, as a rule, immediately several pigments, yes even the process of their mixing is sufficiently complex.

Indeed it is here necessary to obtain material with the game of color, but in this case to preserve the uniformity of structure. Imitation is possible under any natural stone - from the granite to the marble. For the production Of Seranit are used the highest-quality white kaolin clays, the cleanest quartz sand, the spars and natural pigments. The smaller the particle of clay, the denser the material made from it will be. Hardness, low water permeability, frost resistance, abrasive stability - these are those consumer properties, which depend on the size of the particles of source material. The process of the production of Seranit consists of four stages: batch, extrusion, kilning and the surface treatment.

Batch. The preparation of the mixture, basic of the components at this point occurs, kaolin clay is mixed up by c by quartz sand, feldspar, and mixture for the dyeing and the figure also is prepared. The shops, in which are produced these operations, are closed for the outside access, since. Substances and their proportions compose commercial secret. Use the different methods of pigmentation, gives the possibility to produce the ceramic granite of different forms.

1. The pigmentation of uniform mass throughout the entire thickness of plate makes it possible to attain the uniformity of color. On this technology are produced series of plates - “mono-KOLOR”, “salt- pepper”.

2. By application of an impregnation operation. Basis the simple mass, above it is brought heterogeneous pigmented (3mm), which projects a certain figure, undertakes. After which this mass is pressed. According to this method it is produced in series of plates imitating marble and granite.

3. The use of several forms of the pigments, which fill entire volume of plate and create the specific complex, figures on the surface. The textural series, which transmit depth and brightness of figure, are produced on this technology.

Extrusion. In this production stage, much depends on equipment, in which there will be it is achieved the molding and the extrusion of mass. Possible to attain high characteristics using presses which make it possible to reach pressure to 500 kg on 1sm ?, which is about 5000 tons pressure on entire mass. At this pressure it does not remain voids, the particles of source material are pressed to the degree, which ensures the highest consumer properties.

Kilning. This stage attaches and strengthens the characteristics of the semifinished product of ceramic granite reached during the extrusion. The special feature of the technology of kilning is the fact that the temperature and time, must be strictly sustained so that the ceramic granite would not leave “damp” or “overheated”, which leads to reduction in the strength of plates and different deformations. Kilning is conducted in the furnace, through which is passed the conveyor. The temperature in the furnace gradually increases to 1250?, after which again it proceeds with a decrease. It would be desirable to note that gress - only ceramic part, which undergoes kilning at this high temperature, but precisely in this stage inside the material occurs the recrystallization of components, and they form dense, uniform monolith.

On surfaces it porcelain tiles it is subdivided into the following forms:

Lusterless (natural). So is called the tile, which is used in that form, in which it left the kiln. Lusterless undergoes no additional working. With lower price it is characterized by the greatest hardness (8 marks of 10 possible according to the scale MOHS). Lusterless (natural). So is called the tile, which is used in that form, in which it left the kiln.

Polished. After kilning the semi finished product descends from the conveyor and is shifted to the polishing line. Polishing is produced with the aid of the special paste, prepared on the basis of diamond dust. The smallest surface irregularities are removed with the polishing, and the high the level of secularity is reached (to 80%). After this working the material acquires mirror brightness and characteristic for the natural stone “the depth of color”. However, with the polishing is disrupted the original structure of the microspores of keramogranit, in consequence of which somewhat is reduced its hardness and the water-repellent properties.

Since the polished natural stone keramogranit it requires the withdrawal: immediately after piling it must be processed by the special pastes, which create additional protective layer, and repeated periodically this procedure. As the wall coating that polished keramogranit in practice it does not have limitations on the use, and hem from it does not here be worthwhile to plot in the places, where they will be frequently encountered with the sand and the water. This can end by injuries - with the entry of water to that polished it keramogranit it becomes almost the same slippery as usual of glacial.

Glazed (smaltirovanyy). The technology of its production is similar to that, which is used with the production of usual ceramics. To the clay basis is brought the glaze, they after which anneal this two-layered tile in the furnace. Essential difference is, however, that is used it tiles as the basis, which considerably increases its characteristics. The glazed tile recommend predominantly for the living quarters where of the passage less they are intensive.

Lopatto - Polupolirovannyy. For obtaining this tile they partially cut off its lusterless surface and they polish. The alternation of the specula polished and rough lusterless sections appear very effectively. Just as polished, this form of keramogranita can without the limitations be used for the revetment of walls; it is safer on the floor.

Rectified. Rectification - this of the trimming of the edges of already finished tile for the purpose of giving to it the strictly intended sizes. That rectified keramogranit it makes it possible to create monolithic coatings, with the practically invisible seams. It is worthwhile to note that rectified keramogranit it can be both lusterless and polished and glazed.

Structured (invoice). So is called tile the having uneven surface, this effect is achieved by applying the special dies. According to this principle are produced the collections of plates under a career stone, and also series of plates with the braking element.

Mosaic tiles. Mosaic - thing is sufficiently expensive and is labor-consuming in the piling, but from a decorative point of view extraordinarily spectacular. Seranit proposes mosaic from the keramogranit tile, which completely imitates different forms of this ancient surfacing material. Moreover is let out mosaic Porcelain not only series collections - under the concrete order to you can prepare although entire mosaic panels.

The advantages of porcelain

SERANIT porcelain tiles - this ecologically clean and urgent solution. Both for the internal and for the external work. Using it once you less than a hundred years can forget about such problems as effaced floor or the broken tile from the frost. As the explanation give let us examine technical characteristics it Seranit. Moisture absorption (vodopoglashchenie), in tile SERANIT, it is actually equal to 0, or more precisely 0,02%, what is one of the highest indices by the, or more precisely one lowest % of absorption of moisture among the producers of ceramic granite. The same index attests to the fact that the tile is frost-resistant; it takes wide place of application in the zones with the moist climate and as sharp temperature differentials.

Seranit in [UKRSEPRO] was tested thoroughly during 100 cycles, instead of 25 normative. Strength to the bend - 52 [N]/mm2. This index speaks, that ultimate strength with the so-called concentrated load can reach 520 [kg]/sm2, that not under the force practically not to one outdoor coating. The often this characteristic solves dilemma with the selection of the outdoor coating, where a question about the loads on the surface of floor stands. The hardness of surface according to Mohs, on the European norms this index more or it is equal to 6 units, which corresponds to the feldspar, in Seranit of 8 units according to Mohs in lusterless (topaz) and 7 in that polished (quartz sand). This means that the test model, they attempt to scratch by different materials, hardness which is reliably known. If any of the abrasives left on the surface track, then to model is assigned the value for 1 ball, lower than this abrasive.

The hardness of diamond and corundum of 9-10 units and only they are capable of scratching the surface of the lusterless Of Seranita. Wear resistance - how is obtained this index? Test consists of the following. The mixture of abrasive and water is brought to the surface of model and action with specific rotation of millstones for several hours occurs. With this testing the normative removal of surface is allowed not more than 205 [mm]3, when as in Seranit this index is equal to 131 [mm]3. Stability to the chemical actions - is experienced with acidic (besides fluoric acid) and alkaline solutions for 6 hours, the structure of tile does not undergo changes, since only natural component is used for its production.

Slip coefficient - this is safety of your clients, in our case R it is more than 9 units, this speaks, that SERANIT has absolutely safe surface, and in the case of constant [Kanata] with the water they are proposed to the series, where the slip coefficient Of r12 (pond, sauna, bath, kitchen). Stability to the action of ultraviolet rays - attests to the fact that the color porcelain it does not change. Since 1984 in Europe act united standards EN. They became starting point for the producers, the users, and in particular for the laboratories, which correspond for quality control of tile, which made possible to use identical methods in the different countries and to obtain the comparable results. Development of this effective standard as European standards, gave impetus to further work on the creation of united standards at the international level, in which participated of approximately 80 countries of peace, which are been the important users of tile today or in the future.

By the sum of their work, which found its completion became the development of the united standards of the production of ceramic tile - standards ISO, which act on international scales and gradually substituting national standards in the different countries. In many instances standards ISO absorbed into themselves without the changes European standards. In other cases the become effective methods of determining the quality were insufficiently augmented by new methods for the new forms of production, which were appeared on the market. Within the standards ISO are given definitions, characteristics, methods of tests, requirement, criteria of classification and marking for the production of very high quality - tiles of the highest type.